Capital : Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (legislative) Colombo (executive and judicial)6°56′N 79°52′E
Largest city : Colombo
Official languages : Sinhala & Tamil
Recognised language : English
Ethnic groups (2012): 75% Sinhalese, 11% Sri Lankan Tamils, 9% Sri Lankan Moors, 4% Indian Tamils, 0.5% other
Religion (2012): 70% Buddhism (official), 13% Hinduism, 10% Islam, 7% Christianity, 0.1% other/none
Demonym(s) Sri Lankan
Government Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President
Anura Kumara Dissanayake
• Prime Minister
Harini Amarasuriya
• Speaker of the Parliament
Jagath Wickramaratne
• Chief Justice
Murdu Fernando
Legislature Parliament
Formation
• Sinhala Kingdom established
543 BCE
• Anuradhapura period
377 BCE – 1017 CE
• Polonnaruwa period
1017–1232
• Transitional period
1232–1592
• Kandyan period
1592–1815
• British Ceylon period
1815–1948
• Independence
4 February 1948
• Republic
22 May 1972
• Current constitution
7 September 1978
Area
• Total
67,240 km2 (25,960 sq mi)(120th)
• Water (%)
4.4
Population
• 2023 estimate
Neutral increase 22,037,000 (60th)
• 2012 census
20,277,600
• Density
337.7/km2 (874.6/sq mi) (43rd)
GDP (PPP) 2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $318.6 billion (60th)
• Per capita
Increase $14,455 (101st)
GDP (nominal) 2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $84.3 billion(79th)
• Per capita :Increase $3,828 (132nd)
Gini (2023) Positive decrease 39.8
medium inequality
HDI (2022) Increase 0.780
high (78th)
Currency Sri Lankan rupee (Rs) (LKR)
Time zone UTC+5:30 (SLST)
Calling code +94
ISO 3166 code LK
Internet TLD
.lk.ලංකා.இலங்கை
Capital Beijing 39°55′N 116°23′E Largest city by municipal boundary Chongqing[a] Largest city by urban population Shanghai Official languages Standard Chinese (de facto)[2] Official script Simplified characters Ethnic groups (2020)[3] 91.1% Han Chinese 8.9% others Religion (2023)[4] 33.4% Buddhism 25.2% no religion 19.6% Taoism 17.7% other folk beliefs 2.5% Christianity 1.6% Islam Demonym(s) Chinese Government Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic • CCP General Secretary and President[b] Xi Jinping • Premier Li Qiang • Congress Chairman Zhao Leji • CPPCC Chairman[c] Wang Huning • Vice President Han Zheng Legislature National People's Congress[d] Formation • First pre-imperial dynasty c. 2070 BCE • First imperial dynasty 221 BCE • Establishment of the Republic of China 1 January 1912 • Proclamation of the People's Republic 1 October 1949 Area • Total 9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi)[e][8] (3rd/4th) • Water (%) 2.8[5] Population • 2024 estimate Neutral decrease 1,408,280,000[f][9] (2nd) • Density 147/km2 (380.7/sq mi) (83rd) GDP (PPP) 2024 estimate • Total Increase $37.072 trillion[g][10] (1st) • Per capita Increase $26,310[10] (79th) GDP (nominal) 2024 estimate • Total Increase $18.273 trillion[10] (2nd) • Per capita Increase $12,969[10] (73rd) Gini (2021) Positive decrease 35.7[11] medium inequality HDI (2022) Increase 0.788[12] high (75th) Currency Renminbi (元/¥)[h] (CNY) Time zone UTC+8 (CST) Calling code +86 (mainland) +852 (Hong Kong) +853 (Macau) ISO 3166 code CN Internet TLD .cn.中国.中國 (mainland) .hk.香港 (Hong Kong) .mo.澳门.澳門 (Macau)
Capital Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°1′W Largest city New York City 40°43′N 74°0′W Official languages English at the federal level[a][discuss] National language English[b] Ethnic groups (2020)[4][5][6] By race: 61.6% White 12.4% Black 6% Asian 1.1% Native American 0.2% Pacific Islander 10.2% two or more races 8.4% other By origin: 81.3% non-Hispanic or Latino 18.7% Hispanic or Latino Religion (2023)[7] 67% Christianity 33% Protestantism 22% Catholicism 1% Mormonism 11% other Christian 22% unaffiliated 2% Judaism 6% other religion 3% unanswered Demonym(s) American[c][8] Government Federal presidential republic • President Donald Trump • Vice President JD Vance • House Speaker Mike Johnson • Chief Justice John Roberts Legislature Congress • Upper house Senate • Lower house House of Representatives Independence from Great Britain • Declaration July 4, 1776 • Confederation March 1, 1781 • Recognition September 3, 1783 • Constitution June 21, 1788 Area • Total area 3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520 km2)[10][d] (3rd) • Water (%) 7.0[9] (2010) • Land area 3,531,905 sq mi (9,147,590 km2) (3rd) Population • 2024 estimate Neutral increase 340,110,988[11] • 2020 census Neutral increase 331,449,281[e][12] (3rd) • Density 87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (185th) GDP (PPP) 2024 estimate • Total Increase $29.168 trillion[f][13] (2nd) • Per capita Increase $86,601[13] (8th) GDP (nominal) 2024 estimate • Total Increase $29.168 trillion[13] (1st) • Per capita Increase $86,601[13] (6th) Gini (2023) Positive decrease 41.6[g][14] medium inequality HDI (2022) Increase 0.927[15] very high (20th) Currency U.S. dollar ($) (USD) Time zone UTC−4 to −12, +10, +11 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 to −10[h] Date format mm/dd/yyyy[i] Calling code +1 ISO 3166 code US Internet TLD .us[16]
Capital and largest city London 51°30′N 0°7′W National language English Regional and minority languages[b] ScotsUlster ScotsWelshCornishScottish GaelicIrishBritish Sign Language Ethnic groups (2021)[c][4][5][6] 83.0% White 8.6% Asian 3.7% Black 2.7% Mixed 2.0% other Religion (2021)[c][7][8][6] 46.5% Christianity 37.8% no religion 6.0% Islam 1.6% Hinduism 0.8% Sikhism 0.4% Buddhism 0.4% Judaism 0.6% other 5.9% not stated Demonym(s) BritishBriton Government Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy[d] • Monarch Charles III • Prime Minister Keir Starmer Legislature Parliament • Upper house House of Lords • Lower house House of Commons Formation • Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 • Union of the Crowns 24 March 1603 • Treaty of Union 22 July 1706 • Acts of Union of England and Scotland 1 May 1707 • Acts of Union of Great Britain and Ireland 1 January 1801 • Irish Free State Constitution Act 6 December 1922 Area • Total[f] 244,376 km2 (94,354 sq mi)[12] (78th) • Land[e] 242,495 km2 (93,628 sq mi) Population • 2023 estimate Neutral increase 68,265,209[13] (21st) • 2021 census 66,940,559[c][14][15][16] • Density 281/km2 (727.8/sq mi)[13] (51st) GDP (PPP) 2024 estimate • Total Increase $4.282 trillion[17] (10th) • Per capita Increase $62,574[17] (28th) GDP (nominal) 2024 estimate • Total Increase $3.588 trillion[17] (6th) • Per capita Increase $52,423[17] (20th) Gini (2021) Positive decrease 35.4[18] medium inequality HDI (2022) Increase 0.940[19] very high (15th) Currency Pound sterling[g] (£) (GBP) Time zone UTC+0 (GMT) • Summer (DST) UTC+1 (BST[h]) Date format dd/mm/yyyy (AD)[i] Calling code +44[j] ISO 3166 code GB Internet TLD .uk[k]
Capital None (de jure) Bern (de facto)[a][1][2] 46°57′N 7°27′E Largest city Zurich Official languages GermanFrenchItalianRomansh Religion (2023)[3] 56.0% Christianity 30.7% Catholicism 19.5% Protestantism 5.8% other Christian 35.6% no religion 5.9% Islam 1.6% others 0.9% unanswered Demonym(s) English: Swiss German: Schweizer/Schweizerin French: Suisse/Suissesse Italian: svizzero/svizzera or elvetico/elvetica Romansh: Svizzer/Svizra Government Federal assembly-independent[4][5] directorial republic • Federal Council Karin Keller-Sutter (President) Guy Parmelin (Vice President) Ignazio Cassis Viola Amherd Albert Rösti Élisabeth Baume-Schneider Beat Jans • Federal Chancellor Viktor Rossi Legislature Federal Assembly • Upper house Council of States • Lower house National Council History • Founded 1 August 1291[b] • Sovereignty recognised (Peace of Westphalia) 24 October 1648 • Federal Treaty 7 August 1815 • Federal state 12 September 1848[c][6] Area • Total 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi) (132nd) • Water (%) 4.34[7] Population • 2025 estimate Neutral increase 9,060,598[8] (99th) • 2015 census Neutral increase 8,327,126[9] • Density 207/km2 (536.1/sq mi) (48th) GDP (PPP) 2024 estimate • Total Increase $851.136 billion[10] (35th) • Per capita Increase $95,836[10] (6th) GDP (nominal) 2024 estimate • Total Increase $942.265 billion[10] (20th) • Per capita Increase $106,097[10] (5th) Gini (2023) Negative increase 31.5[11] medium inequality HDI (2022) Steady 0.967[12] very high (1st) Currency Swiss franc (CHF) Time zone UTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST) Date format dd.mm.yyyy (AD) Calling code +41 ISO 3166 code CH Internet TLD .ch, .swiss